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National Union for Independence and Revolution
The National Union for Independence and Revolution (in French ''Union Nationale pour l'indépendance et la révolution'' or UNIR) was the ruling party in Chad between 1984 and 1990. It was founded in June 1984 by President Hissène Habré as a successor of his Armed Forces of the North, the insurgent group through which Habré had conquered power in 1982. The party was banned six years later by Idriss Déby when he assumed power by overthrowing Habré.
==Background==
In 1965 Chad had was plunged in civil war, in a rebellion representing a rekindling of traditional animosities between the Muslim northern and central regions and the predominantly non-Muslim people of the south who had dominated the government and civil service since independence.〔Thomas Collelo (1990); ''Chad: A Country Study'', 2d ed. Washington: U.S. GPO. ISBN 0-16-024770-5 ("The FROLINAT Rebellion, 1965-79" )〕 A turning point in the conflict was represented by the conquest in 1979 of the capital, N'Djamena, by northern insurgents; although the struggle continued with increasing severity, its shape now changed, developing in a conflict between the two main northern leaders, Hissène Habré, leader of the Armed Forces of the North (FAN), and Goukouni Oueddei, leader of the People's Armed Forces (FAP).〔T. Collelo, ''Chad'', ("Civil conflict and Libyan intervention" )〕
After the fall of N'Djamena, the rival factions signed in Lagos an accord which created the Transitional Government of National Union (GUNT), with Goukouni as President and Habré as Defence Minister. The accord broke down in 1980 with the second battle of N'Djamena, when Habré rebelled and was expelled from the GUNT. While defeated in 1980 due to Libyan intervention, he was able two years later, on June 7 1982, to secure control of the capital and expel the GUNT.〔T. Collelo, ''Chad'', ("Civil War and Multilateral Mediation, 1979-82" )〕
On assuming power, Habré issued on September 29 a constitution which put at the centre the FAN's executive body, the Command Council, which became the country's ultimate fount of power and was entitled to appoint and also call to account the President.〔Samuel Decalo (1987); ''Historical Dictionary of Chad'', 2 ed. Metuchen: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-1937-6, p. 92〕
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